Early civilizations saw the use of more sophisticated materials and tools. Stone, metal, and wood were crafted into everyday functional articles, decorated and embellished. The Indus Valley Civilization and the Sumerians of Mesopotamia were two of these.
Dating back to the fourth and third millennium B.C., both the Indus Valley and the Sumerian cultures caused great astonishment and wonder when they were first uncovered in Modern times.
A variety of media were used, including those that required specific tools and skilled craftsmanship. Intricate objects of bronze, terracotta, stone, and gold characterised the art of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa. Examples of early Sumerian painted pottery showed the gradual transition from hand-made to the potter’s wheel.
The art reflected the traditions of the river valley civilizations, indicating agricultural lifestyles with extensive trading practices, architecturally planned cities, developed language structures and skilled tools and weaponry. Cultural activities such as dance and music, and religious mores were also depicted.
The technical mastery, anatomical proficiency, and artistic diversity of these early peoples are astounding and awe-inspiring.
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