craftscool

Sandwich Art

Snack time can be an activity with these painted sandwiches. 

Tempera

I am frequently asked the question "what is tempera?". Even most of the artists I know think it refers to what is called poster colors.

Tempera is an artist's medium dating back to the panes and illuminated manuscripts of the Byzantine world and the Middle Ages in Europe. This paint is made by binding pigment in an egg medium, along with other materials such as honey, water, milk and plant gums. It was the most widely used technique until about 1500, after which it was gradually replaced by oil paint.

Italy, Greece, and Russia were the major centers of tempera painting, and even in the present day, it is used to render the Orthodox Icons.The tempera technique was briefly revived in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Western art, among the Pre-Raphaelites and Social Realists.



Tempera paint dries rapidly. The techniques of tempera painting can be more precise when used with traditional techniques that require the application of numerous small brush strokes applied in a cross-hatching technique. The colors, which are painted over each other, resemble a pastel when unvarnished, deepening when varnished.

Tempera is normally applied in thin, semi-opaque or transparent layers. When dry, it produces a smooth matte finish. As it cannot be applied in thick layers, tempera paintings rarely achieve the deep color saturation of oil paintings. However, tempera colors do not change over time,  and do not darken, yellow, and become transparent with age as oil paints do.

True tempera paintings are quite permanent, and examples from the first centuries AD still exist, such as the Severan Tondo and some of the Fayum mummy portraits.

Tempera is a an easily manufactured, non-toxic, eco-friendly medium. See how you can make some of your own.

Yummy Fingerpaints

More often than not, kids want to be in on crafting. And never more so when you're rushing around to get your gifting projects all done. 

Here's a recipe for some safe, edible fingerpaints that the littlest ones can potter around with.

Distressed Inks

If you like the look of distressed inks in artwork, read these tips on working and blending with them.

Pencil Painting

Fall and Winter bring before us the most colorful and exciting changes in scenery, inviting us to capture the beauty on paper. Spend a few lunch hours in the park with your colored pencils, tortillon, and colored drawing paper. The result can be as stunning as the one you see above.

Painting with Oils

Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil -- especially linseed oil, poppyseed oil, walnut oil, and safflower oil. These oils confer various properties to the oil paint, such as less yellowing or different drying times. Certain differences are visible in the sheen of the paints depending on the oil. Painters often use different oils in the same painting depending on specific pigments and effects desired. The paints themselves also develop a particular feel depending on the medium. Paintings in this medium are very popular amongst artists and collectors because of their ageless character. They lend themselves to a plethora of subjects, and well executed paintings remain vibrant and attractive for several centuries. The two paintings here were painted by Rembrandt and Caravaggio almost 400 years ago!
Traditionally, artists begin by sketching the subject onto the canvas. The oil paint is mixed with turpentine or artist grade mineral spirits or other solvents to create a thinner, faster drying paint. Then the subject is built up in layers. A basic rule of oil paint application is 'fat over lean.' This means that each additional layer of paint should be a bit oilier than the layer below, to allow proper drying. As a painting gets additional layers, the paint must get oilier or the final painting will crack and peel.Oil paint remains wet longer than many other types of artists' materials, enabling the artist to change the color, texture or form of the figure. At times, the painter might even remove an entire layer of paint and begin anew. This can be done with a rag and some turpentine for a certain time while the paint is wet, but after a while, the hardened layer must be scraped. Oil paint dries by oxidation, not evaporation, and is usually dry to the touch in a day to two weeks. It is generally dry enough to be varnished in six months to a year. Art conservators do not consider an oil painting completely dry until it is 60 to 80 years old. A still-newer type of paint, heat-set oils, remains liquid until heated. Although not technically not true oils, the paintings resemble oil paintings and are usually shown as oil paintings. The easiest way to start painting with oils may be with Winsor & Newton Artisan Water Mixable Oils. These water-soluble oils are easy to clean up and have no hazardous fumes. Time to stretch a canvas, grab a brush, and start!

Painted Cards

Lovely cards for you to paint with these easy instructions.

Wildflowers

Find here beautiful line drawings of wildflowers, with corresponding color guides. Try your hand at it.

Gouache

Gouache is a type of paint consisting of pigment suspended in water. The particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and the presence of an inert white pigment such as chalk differentiates gouche from water color. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities.

The term “gouache” originates in the Italian “guazzo”, which means "water paint, splash", and referred to the early 16th century practice of applying oil paint over a tempera base. The term was extended to the watermedia in the 18th century in France, although the technique is considerably older. It was used as early as the 12th century in Islamic art and as early as the 14th century in Europe.

Gouache dries slightly lighter than it appears when wet, which can make it difficult to match colors over multiple painting sessions. This, combined with its quick coverage and total hiding power, mean that gouache lends itself to more immediate techniques than watercolour. "En plein air" paintings take advantage of this characteristic.

Many famous artists have painted a small number of gouaches, but it is used more for graphic works such as posters and other design work, where it is desirable for its speed and durability.

The  gouaches découpées created by Matisse are a good example of the technique., notably his Blue Nudes series.

Water World

Water color painting is the technique of using pigments suspended or dissolved in water to create images upon paper, papyrus, bark papers, plastics, leather, fabric, or canvas.

Buon Fresco painting, as used in the Sistine Chapel, was an example of early water color painting in Europe.

Watercolor paint is usually applied with brushes. The paint is diluted with water before use to allow for lighter areas within the painting. This transparency provides watercolor its characteristics of brightness, freshness, and clarity of color since light has passed through the film of paint and is reflected back to the viewer through the film.

Traditionally, dating from at least the last century, the white of the paper is the only white used in transparent watercolor. Opaque paint is seldom used for whites.

Watercolor techniques are quite demanding, and maintaining a high quality of value differences and color clarity are typically the most difficult properties to achieve and maintain.

Watercolor afficionados  prize it as a studio medium for its lack of odor and ease of cleanup, and also its portability and quick drying.